Linux命令：nmcli
- 操作系统
- 2022-08-20
- 11热度
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介绍
RHEL 和 CentOS 是默认使用 NetworkManager 来提供网络服务，这是一种动态管理网络配置的守护进程，能够让网络设备保持连接状态。可以使用 nmcli 命令来管理 NetworkManager 服务程序。，这是一款基于命令行的网络配置工具，功能丰富，参数众多。可以轻松地查看网络信息或网络状态。
命令帮助
[root@linuxprobe ~]# nmcli -h
Usage: nmcli [OPTIONS] OBJECT { COMMAND | help }
OPTIONS
-o[verview] overview mode (hide default values)
-t[erse] terse output
-p[retty] pretty output
-m[ode] tabular|multiline output mode
-c[olors] auto|yes|no whether to use colors in output
-f[ields] <field1,field2,...>|all|common specify fields to output
-g[et-values] <field1,field2,...>|all|common shortcut for -m tabular -t -f
-e[scape] yes|no escape columns separators in values
-a[sk] ask for missing parameters
-s[how-secrets] allow displaying passwords
-w[ait] <seconds> set timeout waiting for finishing operations
-v[ersion] show program version
-h[elp] print this help
OBJECT
g[eneral] NetworkManager's general status and operations
n[etworking] overall networking control
r[adio] NetworkManager radio switches
c[onnection] NetworkManager's connections
d[evice] devices managed by NetworkManager
a[gent] NetworkManager secret agent or polkit agent
m[onitor] monitor NetworkManager changes常用命令
查看网络信息或网络状态
[root@linuxprobe ~]# nmcli connection show
NAME UUID TYPE DEVICE
ens160 28b1cec8-f0a6-4da0-9f82-19348f23e305 ethernet ens160
virbr0 44159729-8b4f-4d7e-85d0-99cd37d047a6 bridge virbr0
[root@linuxprobe ~]# nmcli connection show ens160
connection.id: ens160
connection.uuid: 28b1cec8-f0a6-4da0-9f82-19348f23e305
connection.stable-id: --
connection.type: 802-3-ethernet
connection.interface-name: ens160
connection.autoconnect: yes
connection.autoconnect-priority: 0
connection.autoconnect-retries: -1 (default)
connection.multi-connect: 0 (default)
connection.auth-retries: -1
connection.timestamp: 1661029800
......RHEL8 支持的网络配置切换
# nmcli connection add con-name type ifname 的格式
# 增加一个叫 company 的网络会话，在公司时候直接切换到 company 网络配置
[root@linuxprobe ~]# nmcli connection add con-name company type ethernet ifname ens160
Connection 'company' (ec661eb4-21f6-4f5b-bc43-dc44bf57f167) successfully added.# 查看到增加成功
[root@linuxprobe ~]# nmcli c show
NAME UUID TYPE DEVICE
ens160 28b1cec8-f0a6-4da0-9f82-19348f23e305 ethernet ens160
virbr0 44159729-8b4f-4d7e-85d0-99cd37d047a6 bridge virbr0
company ec661eb4-21f6-4f5b-bc43-dc44bf57f167 ethernet -- # 启动网络会话
[root@linuxprobe ~]# nmcli connection up company
Connection successfully activated (D-Bus active path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/6)
[root@linuxprobe ~]# ifconfig
ens160: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.203.128 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.203.255
inet6 fe80::4f89:ded:1c89:e510 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 00:0c:29:20:d5:c5 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 849 bytes 89179 (87.0 KiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 1518 bytes 142147 (138.8 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
[root@linuxprobe ~]# nmcli c show
NAME UUID TYPE DEVICE
company ec661eb4-21f6-4f5b-bc43-dc44bf57f167 ethernet ens160
virbr0 44159729-8b4f-4d7e-85d0-99cd37d047a6 bridge virbr0
ens160 28b1cec8-f0a6-4da0-9f82-19348f23e305 ethernet --
删除网络会话
[root@linuxprobe ~]# nmcli c delete company
Connection 'company' (ec661eb4-21f6-4f5b-bc43-dc44bf57f167) successfully deleted.
[root@linuxprobe ~]# nmcli c show
NAME UUID TYPE DEVICE
ens160 28b1cec8-f0a6-4da0-9f82-19348f23e305 ethernet ens160
virbr0 44159729-8b4f-4d7e-85d0-99cd37d047a6 bridge virbr0
绑定两块网卡
创建 bound 网卡
# 创建类型为 bond，名称为 bond0，网卡名为 bond0，的绑定设备，绑定模式为 balance-rr
[root@linuxprobe ~]# nmcli c add type bond con-name bond0 ifname bond0 bond.options "mode=balance-rr"
Connection 'bond0' (7e409a8a-988c-42bf-98d5-81af3781fb9b) successfully added.
[root@linuxprobe ~]# nmcli c show
NAME UUID TYPE DEVICE
ens160 28b1cec8-f0a6-4da0-9f82-19348f23e305 ethernet ens160
ens192 1a8438af-c259-4562-b6bb-92bcad612b51 ethernet ens192
virbr0 f26f942f-5a83-4ff2-9a40-9e9c9e8d8c00 bridge virbr0
bond0 7e409a8a-988c-42bf-98d5-81af3781fb9b bond bond0 - rr 为 round-robin 的缩写，全称为“轮询模式”，会根据设备顺序依次传输数据包，负载均衡，带宽性能更好。一旦某网卡故障，马上切换到另一个网卡设备，保证可用性
- active-backup 主备模式，平时只有一块网卡工作，另一块随时待命，一旦某块故障，另一块顶替上去
向 bond0 设备添加从属网卡
[root@linuxprobe ~]# nmcli c add type ethernet slave-type bond con-name bond-port1 ifname ens160 master bond0
Connection 'bond-port1' (f066ad2a-7e90-435b-94bc-9acd7b2c651c) successfully added.
[root@linuxprobe ~]# nmcli c add type ethernet slave-type bond con-name bond-port2 ifname ens192 master bond0
Connection 'bond-port2' (18c1c0bc-0844-4b50-8b1b-81c036c8fe60) successfully added.
[root@linuxprobe ~]# nmcli c show
NAME UUID TYPE DEVICE
ens160 28b1cec8-f0a6-4da0-9f82-19348f23e305 ethernet ens160
ens192 1a8438af-c259-4562-b6bb-92bcad612b51 ethernet ens192
virbr0 f26f942f-5a83-4ff2-9a40-9e9c9e8d8c00 bridge virbr0
bond0 7e409a8a-988c-42bf-98d5-81af3781fb9b bond bond0
bond-port1 f066ad2a-7e90-435b-94bc-9acd7b2c651c ethernet --
bond-port2 18c1c0bc-0844-4b50-8b1b-81c036c8fe60 ethernet -- 配置 bond0 设备网络信息
[root@linuxprobe ~]# nmcli c modify bond0 ipv4.address 192.168.203.200/24
[root@linuxprobe ~]# nmcli c modify bond0 ipv4.gateway 192.168.203.1
[root@linuxprobe ~]# nmcli c modify bond0 ipv4.dns 192.168.203.1
[root@linuxprobe ~]# nmcli c modify bond0 ipv4.dns-search linuxprobe.com
[root@linuxprobe ~]# nmcli c modify bond0 ipv4.method manual- ipv4支持的配置项：method, dns, dns-search, dns-options, dns-priority, addresses, gateway, routes, route-metric, route-table, ignore-auto-routes, ignore-auto-dns, dhcp-client-id, dhcp-timeout, dhcp-send-hostname, dhcp-hostname, dhcp-fqdn, never-default, may-fail, dad-timeout
启动网卡
[root@linuxprobe ~]# nmcli c up bond0
Connection successfully activated (master waiting for slaves) (D-Bus active path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/6)
# d 是 device
[root@linuxprobe ~]# nmcli d status
DEVICE TYPE STATE CONNECTION
bond0 bond connected bond0
ens160 ethernet connected ens160
ens192 ethernet connected ens192
virbr0 bridge connected virbr0
lo loopback unmanaged --
virbr0-nic tun unmanaged --
[root@linuxprobe ~]# ifconfig
bond0: flags=5123<UP,BROADCAST,MASTER,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.203.200 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.203.255
ether 82:bb:8f:6f:0c:ab txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0此时，访问 192.168.203.200 ，实际是 ens160 和 ens192 同时在提供服务。
